ANNEX I
Essential health and safety requirements relating to the the design and construction of machinery
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1. The manufacturer of machinery or his authorised representative must ensure that a risk assessment is carried
out in order to determine the health and safety requirements which apply to the machinery. The machinery
must then be designed and constructed taking into account the results of the risk assessment.
By the iterative process of risk assessment and risk reduction referred to above, the manufacturer or his
authorised representative shall:
— determine the limits of the machinery, which include the intended use and any reasonably foreseeable
misuse thereof,
— identify the hazards that can be generated by the machinery and the associated hazardous situations,
— estimate the risks, taking into account the severity of the possible injury or damage to health and the
probability of its occurrence,
— evaluate the risks, with a view to determining whether risk reduction is required, in accordance with the
objective of this Directive,
— eliminate the hazards or reduce the risks associated with these hazards by application of protective
measures, in the order of priority established in section 1.1.2(b).
2. The obligations laid down by the essential health and safety requirements only apply when the corresponding
hazard exists for the machinery in question when it is used under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer
or his authorised representative or in foreseeable abnormal situations. In any event, the principles of
safety integration referred to in section 1.1.2 and the obligations concerning marking of machinery and
instructions referred to in sections 1.7.3 and 1.7.4 apply.
3. The essential health and safety requirements laid down in this Annex are mandatory; However, taking into
account the state of the art, it may not be possible to meet the objectives set by them. In that event, the
machinery must, as far as possible, be designed and constructed with the purpose of approaching these objectives.
4. This Annex is organised in several parts. The first one has a general scope and is applicable to all kinds of
machinery. The other parts refer to certain kinds of more specific hazards. Nevertheless, it is essential to
examine the whole of this Annex in order to be sure of meeting all the relevant essential requirements. When
machinery is being designed, the requirements of the general part and the requirements of one or more of the
other parts shall be taken into account, depending on the results of the risk assessment carried out in accordance
with point 1 of these General Principles.
1. ESSENTIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
1.1. GENERAL REMARKS
1.1.1. Definitions
For the purpose of this Annex:
(a) ‘hazard’ means a potential source of injury or damage to health;
(b) ‘danger zone’ means any zone within and/or around machinery in which a person is subject to a risk to
his health or safety;
(c) ‘exposed person’ means any person wholly or partially in a danger zone;
(d) ‘operator’ means the person or persons installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing or
moving machinery;
(e) ‘risk’ means a combination of the probability and the degree of an injury or damage to health that can
arise in a hazardous situation;
(f) ‘guard’ means a part of the machinery used specifically to provide protection by means of a physical
barrier;
(g) ‘protective device’ means a device (other than a guard) which reduces the risk, either alone or in conjunction
with a guard;
(h) ‘intended use’ means the use of machinery in accordance with the information provided in the instructions
for use;
(i) ‘reasonably foreseeable misuse’ means the use of machinery in a way not intended in the instructions for
use, but which may result from readily predictable human behaviour.
1.1.2. Principles of safety integration
(a) Machinery must be designed and constructed so that it is fitted for its function, and can be operated,
adjusted and maintained without putting persons at risk when these operations are carried out under the
conditions foreseen but also taking into account any reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof.
The aim of measures taken must be to eliminate any risk throughout the foreseeable lifetime of the
machinery including the phases of transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping.
(b) In selecting the most appropriate methods, the manufacturer or his authorised representative must apply
the following principles, in the order given:
— eliminate or reduce risks as far as possible (inherently safe machinery design and construction),
— take the necessary protective measures in relation to risks that cannot be eliminated,
— inform users of the residual risks due to any shortcomings of the protective measures adopted, indicate
whether any particular training is required and specify any need to provide personal protective
equipment.
(c) When designing and constructing machinery and when drafting the instructions, the manufacturer or his
authorised representative must envisage not only the intended use of the machinery but also any reasonably
foreseeable misuse thereof.
The machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent abnormal use if such use
would engender a risk. Where appropriate, the instructions must draw the user's attention to ways —
which experience has shown might occur — in which the machinery should not be used.
(d) Machinery must be designed and constructed to take account of the constraints to which the operator is
subject as a result of the necessary or foreseeable use of personal protective equipment.
(e) Machinery must be supplied with all the special equipment and accessories essential to enable it to be
adjusted, maintained and used safely.
1.1.3. Materials and products
The materials used to construct machinery or products used or created during its use must not endanger
persons' safety or health. In particular, where fluids are used, machinery must be designed and constructed to
prevent risks due to filling, use, recovery or draining.
1.1.4. Lighting
Machinery must be supplied with integral lighting suitable for the operations concerned where the absence
thereof is likely to cause a risk despite ambient lighting of normal intensity.
Machinery must be designed and constructed so that there is no area of shadow likely to cause nuisance, that
there is no irritating dazzle and that there are no dangerous stroboscopic effects on moving parts due to the
lighting.
Internal parts requiring frequent inspection and adjustment, and maintenance areas must be provided with
appropriate lighting.
1.1.5. Design of machinery to facilitate its handling
Machinery, or each component part thereof, must:
— be capable of being handled and transported safely,
— be packaged or designed so that it can be stored safely and without damage.
During the transportation of the machinery and/or its component parts, there must be no possibility of
sudden movements or of hazards due to instability as long as the machinery and/or its component parts are
handled in accordance with the instructions.
Where the weight, size or shape of machinery or its various component parts prevents them from being
moved by hand, the machinery or each component part must:
— either be fitted with attachments for lifting gear, or
— be designed so that it can be fitted with such attachments, or
— be shaped in such a way that standard lifting gear can easily be attached.
Where machinery or one of its component parts is to be moved by hand, it must:
— either be easily moveable, or
— be equipped for picking up and moving safely.
Special arrangements must be made for the handling of tools and/or machinery parts which, even if lightweight,
could be hazardous.
1.1.6. Ergonomics
Under the intended conditions of use, the discomfort, fatigue and physical and psychological stress faced by
the operator must be reduced to the minimum possible, taking into account ergonomic principles such as:
— allowing for the variability of the operator's physical dimensions, strength and stamina,
— providing enough space for movements of the parts of the operator's body,
— avoiding a machine-determined work rate,
— avoiding monitoring that requires lengthy concentration,
— adapting the man/machinery interface to the foreseeable characteristics of the operators.
1.1.7. Operating positions
The operating position must be designed and constructed in such a way as to avoid any risk due to exhaust
gases and/or lack of oxygen.
If the machinery is intended to be used in a hazardous environment presenting risks to the health and safety
of the operator or if the machinery itself gives rise to a hazardous environment, adequate means must be
provided to ensure that the operator has good working conditions and is protected against any foreseeable
hazards.
Where appropriate, the operating position must be fitted with an adequate cabin designed, constructed and/or
equipped to fulfil the above requirements. The exit must allow rapid evacuation. Moreover, when applicable,
an emergency exit must be provided in a direction which is different from the usual exit.
1.1.8. Seating
Where appropriate and where the working conditions so permit, work stations constituting an integral part
of the machinery must be designed for the installation of seats.
If the operator is intended to sit during operation and the operating position is an integral part of the
machinery, the seat must be provided with the machinery.
The operator's seat must enable him to maintain a stable position. Furthermore, the seat and its distance from
the control devices must be capable of being adapted to the operator.
If the machinery is subject to vibrations, the seat must be designed and constructed in such a way as to
reduce the vibrations transmitted to the operator to the lowest level that is reasonably possible. The seat
mountings must withstand all stresses to which they can be subjected. Where there is no floor beneath the
feet of the operator, footrests covered with a slip-resistant material must be provided.
1.2. CONTROL SYSTEMS
1.2.1. Safety and reliability of control systems
Control systems must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent hazardous situations from
arising. Above all, they must be designed and constructed in such a way that:
— they can withstand the intended operating stresses and external influences,
— a fault in the hardware or the software of the control system does not lead to hazardous situations,
— errors in the control system logic do not lead to hazardous situations,
— reasonably foreseeable human error during operation does not lead to hazardous situations.
Particular attention must be given to the following points:
— the machinery must not start unexpectedly,
— the parameters of the machinery must not change in an uncontrolled way, where such change may lead
to hazardous situations,
— the machinery must not be prevented from stopping if the stop command has already been given,
— no moving part of the machinery or piece held by the machinery must fall or be ejected,
— automatic or manual stopping of the moving parts, whatever they may be, must be unimpeded,
— the protective devices must remain fully effective or give a stop command,
— the safety-related parts of the control system must apply in a coherent way to the whole of an assembly
of machinery and/or partly completed machinery.
For cable-less control, an automatic stop must be activated when correct control signals are not received,
including loss of communication.
1.2.2. Control devices
Control devices must be:
— clearly visible and identifiable, using pictograms where appropriate,
— positioned in such a way as to be safely operated without hesitation or loss of time and without ambiguity,
— designed in such a way that the movement of the control device is consistent with its effect,
— located outside the danger zones, except where necessary for certain control devices such as an emergency
stop or a teach pendant,
— positioned in such a way that their operation cannot cause additional risk,
— designed or protected in such a way that the desired effect, where a hazard is involved, can only be
achieved by a deliberate action,
— made in such a way as to withstand foreseeable forces; particular attention must be paid to emergency
stop devices liable to be subjected to considerable forces.
Where a control device is designed and constructed to perform several different actions, namely where there
is no one-to-one correspondence, the action to be performed must be clearly displayed and subject to confirmation,
where necessary.
Control devices must be so arranged that their layout, travel and resistance to operation are compatible with
the action to be performed, taking account of ergonomic principles.
Machinery must be fitted with indicators as required for safe operation. The operator must be able to read
them from the control position.
From each control position, the operator must be able to ensure that no-one is in the danger zones, or the
control system must be designed and constructed in such a way that starting is prevented while someone is in
the danger zone.
If neither of these possibilities is applicable, before the machinery starts, an acoustic and/or visual warning
signal must be given. The exposed persons must have time to leave the danger zone or prevent the machinery
starting up.
If necessary, means must be provided to ensure that the machinery can be controlled only from control positions
located in one or more predetermined zones or locations.
Where there is more than one control position, the control system must be designed in such a way that the
use of one of them precludes the use of the others, except for stop controls and emergency stops.
When machinery has two or more operating positions, each position must be provided with all the required
control devices without the operators hindering or putting each other into a hazardous situation.
1.2.3. Starting
It must be possible to start machinery only by voluntary actuation of a control device provided for the
purpose.
The same requirement applies:
— when restarting the machinery after a stoppage, whatever the cause,
— when effecting a significant change in the operating conditions.
However, the restarting of the machinery or a change in operating conditions may be effected by voluntary
actuation of a device other than the control device provided for the purpose, on condition that this does not
lead to a hazardous situation.
For machinery functioning in automatic mode, the starting of the machinery, restarting after a stoppage, or a
change in operating conditions may be possible without intervention, provided this does not lead to a hazardous
situation.
Where machinery has several starting control devices and the operators can therefore put each other in
danger, additional devices must be fitted to rule out such risks. If safety requires that starting and/or stopping
must be performed in a specific sequence, there must be devices which ensure that these operations are
performed in the correct order.
1.2.4. Stopping
1.2.4.1. Normal stop
Machinery must be fitted with a control device whereby the machinery can be brought safely to a complete
stop.
Each workstation must be fitted with a control device to stop some or all of the functions of the machinery,
depending on the existing hazards, so that the machinery is rendered safe.
The machinery's stop control must have priority over the start controls.
Once the machinery or its hazardous functions have stopped, the energy supply to the actuators concerned
must be cut off.
1.2.4.2. Operational stop
Where, for operational reasons, a stop control that does not cut off the energy supply to the actuators is
required, the stop condition must be monitored and maintained.
1.2.4.3. Emergency stop
Machinery must be fitted with one or more emergency stop devices to enable actual or impending danger to
be averted.
The following exceptions apply:
— machinery in which an emergency stop device would not lessen the risk, either because it would not
reduce the stopping time or because it would not enable the special measures required to deal with the
risk to be taken,
— portable hand-held and/or hand-guided machinery.
The device must:
— have clearly identifiable, clearly visible and quickly accessible control devices,
— stop the hazardous process as quickly as possible, without creating additional risks,
— where necessary, trigger or permit the triggering of certain safeguard movements.
Once active operation of the emergency stop device has ceased following a stop command, that command
must be sustained by engagement of the emergency stop device until that engagement is specifically overridden;
it must not be possible to engage the device without triggering a stop command; it must be possible
to disengage the device only by an appropriate operation, and disengaging the device must not restart the
machinery but only permit restarting.
The emergency stop function must be available and operational at all times, regardless of the operating mode.
Emergency stop devices must be a back-up to other safeguarding measures and not a substitute for them.
1.2.4.4. Assembly of machinery
In the case of machinery or parts of machinery designed to work together, the machinery must be designed
and constructed in such a way that the stop controls, including the emergency stop devices, can stop not
only the machinery itself but also all related equipment, if its continued operation may be dangerous.
1.2.5. Selection of control or operating modes
The control or operating mode selected must override all other control or operating modes, with the exception
of the emergency stop.
If machinery has been designed and constructed to allow its use in several control or operating modes
requiring different protective measures and/or work procedures, it must be fitted with a mode selector which
can be locked in each position. Each position of the selector must be clearly identifiable and must correspond
to a single operating or control mode.
The selector may be replaced by another selection method which restricts the use of certain functions of the
machinery to certain categories of operator.
If, for certain operations, the machinery must be able to operate with a guard displaced or removed and/or a
protective device disabled, the control or operating mode selector must simultaneously:
— disable all other control or operating modes,
— permit operation of hazardous functions only by control devices requiring sustained action,
— permit the operation of hazardous functions only in reduced risk conditions while preventing hazards
from linked sequences,
— prevent any operation of hazardous functions by voluntary or involuntary action on the machine's
sensors.
If these four conditions cannot be fulfilled simultaneously, the control or operating mode selector must activate
other protective measures designed and constructed to ensure a safe intervention zone.
In addition, the operator must be able to control operation of the parts he is working on from the adjustment
point.
1.2.6. Failure of the power supply
The interruption, the re-establishment after an interruption or the fluctuation in whatever manner of the
power supply to the machinery must not lead to dangerous situations.
Particular attention must be given to the following points:
— the machinery must not start unexpectedly,
— the parameters of the machinery must not change in an uncontrolled way when such change can lead to
hazardous situations,
— the machinery must not be prevented from stopping if the command has already been given,
— no moving part of the machinery or piece held by the machinery must fall or be ejected,
— automatic or manual stopping of the moving parts, whatever they may be, must be unimpeded,
— the protective devices must remain fully effective or give a stop command.
1.3. PROTECTION AGAINST MECHANICAL HAZARDS
1.3.1. Risk of loss of stability
Machinery and its components and fittings must be stable enough to avoid overturning, falling or uncontrolled
movements during transportation, assembly, dismantling and any other action involving the
machinery.
If the shape of the machinery itself or its intended installation does not offer sufficient stability, appropriate
means of anchorage must be incorporated and indicated in the instructions.
1.3.2. Risk of break-up during operation
The various parts of machinery and their linkages must be able to withstand the stresses to which they are
subject when used.
The durability of the materials used must be adequate for the nature of the working environment foreseen by
the manufacturer or his authorised representative, in particular as regards the phenomena of fatigue, ageing,
corrosion and abrasion.
The instructions must indicate the type and frequency of inspections and maintenance required for safety
reasons. They must, where appropriate, indicate the parts subject to wear and the criteria for replacement.
Where a risk of rupture or disintegration remains despite the measures taken, the parts concerned must be
mounted, positioned and/or guarded in such a way that any fragments will be contained, preventing hazardous
situations.
Both rigid and flexible pipes carrying fluids, particularly those under high pressure, must be able to withstand
the foreseen internal and external stresses and must be firmly attached and/or protected to ensure that no risk
is posed by a rupture.
Where the material to be processed is fed to the tool automatically, the following conditions must be fulfilled
to avoid risks to persons:
— when the workpiece comes into contact with the tool, the latter must have attained its normal working
condition,
— when the tool starts and/or stops (intentionally or accidentally), the feed movement and the tool movement
must be coordinated.
1.3.3. Risks due to falling or ejected objects
Precautions must be taken to prevent risks from falling or ejected objects.
1.3.4. Risks due to surfaces, edges or angles
Insofar as their purpose allows, accessible parts of the machinery must have no sharp edges, no sharp angles
and no rough surfaces likely to cause injury.
1.3.5. Risks related to combined machinery
Where the machinery is intended to carry out several different operations with manual removal of the piece
between each operation (combined machinery), it must be designed and constructed in such a way as to
enable each element to be used separately without the other elements constituting a risk for exposed persons.
For this purpose, it must be possible to start and stop separately any elements that are not protected.
1.3.6. Risks related to variations in operating conditions
Where the machinery performs operations under different conditions of use, it must be designed and
constructed in such a way that selection and adjustment of these conditions can be carried out safely and reliably.
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1.3.7. Risks related to moving parts
The moving parts of machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent risks of
contact which could lead to accidents or must, where risks persist, be fitted with guards or protective devices.
All necessary steps must be taken to prevent accidental blockage of moving parts involved in the work. In
cases where, despite the precautions taken, a blockage is likely to occur, the necessary specific protective
devices and tools must, when appropriate, be provided to enable the equipment to be safely unblocked.
The instructions and, where possible, a sign on the machinery shall identify these specific protective devices
and how they are to be used.
1.3.8. Choice of protection against risks arising from moving parts
Guards or protective devices designed to protect against risks arising from moving parts must be selected on
the basis of the type of risk. The following guidelines must be used to help to make the choice.
1.3.8.1. Moving transmission parts
Guards designed to protect persons against the hazards generated by moving transmission parts must be:
— either fixed guards as referred to in section 1.4.2.1, or
— interlocking movable guards as referred to in section 1.4.2.2.
Interlocking movable guards should be used where frequent access is envisaged.
1.3.8.2. Moving parts involved in the process
Guards or protective devices designed to protect persons against the hazards generated by moving parts
involved in the process must be:
— either fixed guards as referred to in section 1.4.2.1, or
— interlocking movable guards as referred to in section 1.4.2.2, or
— protective devices as referred to in section 1.4.3, or
— a combination of the above.
However, when certain moving parts directly involved in the process cannot be made completely inaccessible
during operation owing to operations requiring operator intervention, such parts must be fitted with:
— fixed guards or interlocking movable guards preventing access to those sections of the parts that are not
used in the work, and
— adjustable guards as referred to in section 1.4.2.3 restricting access to those sections of the moving parts
where access is necessary.
1.3.9. Risks of uncontrolled movements
When a part of the machinery has been stopped, any drift away from the stopping position, for whatever
reason other than action on the control devices, must be prevented or must be such that it does not present a
hazard.
1.4. REQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS OF GUARDS AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES
1.4.1. General requirements
Guards and protective devices must:
— be of robust construction,
— be securely held in place,
— not give rise to any additional hazard,
— not be easy to by-pass or render non-operational,
— be located at an adequate distance from the danger zone,
— cause minimum obstruction to the view of the production process, and
— enable essential work to be carried out on the installation and/or replacement of tools and for maintenance
purposes by restricting access exclusively to the area where the work has to be done, if possible
without the guard having to be removed or the protective device having to be disabled.
In addition, guards must, where possible, protect against the ejection or falling of materials or objects and
against emissions generated by the machinery.
1.4.2. Special requirements for guards
1.4.2.1. Fixed guards
Fixed guards must be fixed by systems that can be opened or removed only with tools.
Their fixing systems must remain attached to the guards or to the machinery when the guards are removed.
Where possible, guards must be incapable of remaining in place without their fixings.
1.4.2.2. Interlocking movable guards
Interlocking movable guards must:
— as far as possible remain attached to the machinery when open,
— be designed and constructed in such a way that they can be adjusted only by means of an intentional
action.
Interlocking movable guards must be associated with an interlocking device that:
— prevents the start of hazardous machinery functions until they are closed and
— gives a stop command whenever they are no longer closed.
Where it is possible for an operator to reach the danger zone before the risk due to the hazardous machinery
functions has ceased, movable guards must be associated with a guard locking device in addition to an interlocking
device that:
— prevents the start of hazardous machinery functions until the guard is closed and locked, and
— keeps the guard closed and locked until the risk of injury from the hazardous machinery functions has
ceased.
Interlocking movable guards must be designed in such a way that the absence or failure of one of their
components prevents starting or stops the hazardous machinery functions.
1.4.2.3. Adjustable guards restricting access
Adjustable guards restricting access to those areas of the moving parts strictly necessary for the work must
be:
— adjustable manually or automatically, depending on the type of work involved, and
— readily adjustable without the use of tools.
1.4.3. Special requirements for protective devices
Protective devices must be designed and incorporated into the control system in such a way that:
— moving parts cannot start up while they are within the operator's reach,
— persons cannot reach moving parts while the parts are moving, and
— the absence or failure of one of their components prevents starting or stops the moving parts.
Protective devices must be adjustable only by means of an intentional action.
1.5. RISKS DUE TO OTHER HAZARDS
1.5.1. Electricity supply
Where machinery has an electricity supply, it must be designed, constructed and equipped in such a way that
all hazards of an electrical nature are or can be prevented.
The safety objectives set out in Directive 73/23/EEC shall apply to machinery. However, the obligations
concerning conformity assessment and the placing on the market and/or putting into service of machinery
with regard to electrical hazards are governed solely by this Directive.
1.5.2. Static electricity
Machinery must be designed and constructed to prevent or limit the build-up of potentially dangerous electrostatic
charges and/or be fitted with a discharging system.
1.5.3. Energy supply other than electricity
Where machinery is powered by source of energy other than electricity, it must be so designed, constructed
and equipped as to avoid all potential risks associated with such sources of energy.
1.5.4. Errors of fitting
Errors likely to be made when fitting or refitting certain parts which could be a source of risk must be made
impossible by the design and construction of such parts or, failing this, by information given on the parts
themselves and/or their housings. The same information must be given on moving parts and/or their housings
where the direction of movement needs to be known in order to avoid a risk.
Where necessary, the instructions must give further information on these risks.
Where a faulty connection can be the source of risk, incorrect connections must be made impossible by
design or, failing this, by information given on the elements to be connected and, where appropriate, on the
means of connection.
1.5.5. Extreme temperatures
Steps must be taken to eliminate any risk of injury arising from contact with or proximity to machinery parts
or materials at high or very low temperatures.
The necessary steps must also be taken to avoid or protect against the risk of hot or very cold material being
ejected.
1.5.6. Fire
Machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to avoid any risk of fire or overheating posed
by the machinery itself or by gases, liquids, dust, vapours or other substances produced or used by the
machinery.
1.5.7. Explosion
Machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to avoid any risk of explosion posed by the
machinery itself or by gases, liquids, dust, vapours or other substances produced or used by the machinery.
Machinery must comply, as far as the risk of explosion due to its use in a potentially explosive atmosphere is
concerned, with the provisions of the specific Community Directives.
1.5.8. Noise
Machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that risks resulting from the emission of airborne
noise are reduced to the lowest level, taking account of technical progress and the availability of means of
reducing noise, in particular at source.
The level of noise emission may be assessed with reference to comparative emission data for similar
machinery.
1.5.9. Vibrations
Machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that risks resulting from vibrations produced by
the machinery are reduced to the lowest level, taking account of technical progress and the availability of
means of reducing vibration, in particular at source.
The level of vibration emission may be assessed with reference to comparative emission data for similar
machinery.
1.5.10. Radiation
Undesirable radiation emissions from the machinery must be eliminated or be reduced to levels that do not
have adverse effects on persons.
Any functional ionising radiation emissions must be limited to the lowest level which is sufficient for the
proper functioning of the machinery during setting, operation and cleaning. Where a risk exists, the necessary
protective measures must be taken.
Any functional non-ionising radiation emissions during setting, operation and cleaning must be limited to
levels that do not have adverse effects on persons.
1.5.11. External radiation
Machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that external radiation does not interfere with its
operation.
1.5.12. Laser radiation
Where laser equipment is used, the following should be taken into account:
— laser equipment on machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent any accidental
radiation,
— laser equipment on machinery must be protected in such a way that effective radiation, radiation
produced by reflection or diffusion and secondary radiation do not damage health,
— optical equipment for the observation or adjustment of laser equipment on machinery must be such that
no health risk is created by laser radiation.
1.5.13. Emissions of hazardous materials and substances
Machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that risks of inhalation, ingestion, contact with
the skin, eyes and mucous membranes and penetration through the skin of hazardous materials and
substances which it produces can be avoided.
Where a hazard cannot be eliminated, the machinery must be so equipped that hazardous materials and
substances can be contained, evacuated, precipitated by water spraying, filtered or treated by another equally
effective method.
Where the process is not totally enclosed during normal operation of the machinery, the devices for containment
and/or evacuation must be situated in such a way as to have the maximum effect.
1.5.14. Risk of being trapped in a machine
Machinery must be designed, constructed or fitted with a means of preventing a person from being enclosed
within it or, if that is impossible, with a means of summoning help.
1.5.15. Risk of slipping, tripping or falling
Parts of the machinery where persons are liable to move about or stand must be designed and constructed in
such a way as to prevent persons slipping, tripping or falling on or off these parts.
Where appropriate, these parts must be fitted with handholds that are fixed relative to the user and that
enable them to maintain their stability.
1.5.16. Lightning
Machinery in need of protection against the effects of lightning while being used must be fitted with a system
for conducting the resultant electrical charge to earth.
1.6. MAINTENANCE
1.6.1. Machinery maintenance
Adjustment and maintenance points must be located outside danger zones. It must be possible to carry out
adjustment, maintenance, repair, cleaning and servicing operations while machinery is at a standstill.
If one or more of the above conditions cannot be satisfied for technical reasons, measures must be taken to
ensure that these operations can be carried out safely (see section 1.2.5).
In the case of automated machinery and, where necessary, other machinery, a connecting device for mounting
diagnostic fault-finding equipment must be provided.
Automated machinery components which have to be changed frequently must be capable of being removed
and replaced easily and safely. Access to the components must enable these tasks to be carried out with the
necessary technical means in accordance with a specified operating method.
1.6.2. Access to operating positions and servicing points
Machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to allow access in safety to all areas where
intervention is necessary during operation, adjustment and maintenance of the machinery.
1.6.3. Isolation of energy sources
Machinery must be fitted with means to isolate it from all energy sources. Such isolators must be clearly identified.
They must be capable of being locked if reconnection could endanger persons. Isolators must also be
capable of being locked where an operator is unable, from any of the points to which he has access, to check
that the energy is still cut off.
In the case of machinery capable of being plugged into an electricity supply, removal of the plug is sufficient,
provided that the operator can check from any of the points to which he has access that the plug remains
removed.
After the energy is cut off, it must be possible to dissipate normally any energy remaining or stored in the
circuits of the machinery without risk to persons.
As an exception to the requirement laid down in the previous paragraphs, certain circuits may remain
connected to their energy sources in order, for example, to hold parts, to protect information, to light interiors,
etc. In this case, special steps must be taken to ensure operator safety.
1.6.4. Operator intervention
Machinery must be so designed, constructed and equipped that the need for operator intervention is limited.
If operator intervention cannot be avoided, it must be possible to carry it out easily and safely.
1.6.5. Cleaning of internal parts
The machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that it is possible to clean internal parts
which have contained dangerous substances or preparations without entering them; any necessary unblocking
must also be possible from the outside. If it is impossible to avoid entering the machinery, it must be designed
and constructed in such a way as to allow cleaning to take place safely.
1.7. INFORMATION
1.7.1. Information and warnings on the machinery
Information and warnings on the machinery should preferably be provided in the form of readily understandable
symbols or pictograms. Any written or verbal information and warnings must be expressed in an official
Community language or languages, which may be determined in accordance with the Treaty by the Member
State in which the machinery is placed on the market and/or put into service and may be accompanied, on
request, by versions in any other official Community language or languages understood by the operators.
1.7.1.1. Information and information devices
The information needed to control machinery must be provided in a form that is unambiguous and easily
understood. It must not be excessive to the extent of overloading the operator.
Visual display units or any other interactive means of communication between the operator and the machine
must be easily understood and easy to use.
1.7.1.2. Warning devices
Where the health and safety of persons may be endangered by a fault in the operation of unsupervised
machinery, the machinery must be equipped in such a way as to give an appropriate acoustic or light signal
as a warning.
Where machinery is equipped with warning devices these must be unambiguous and easily perceived. The
operator must have facilities to check the operation of such warning devices at all times.
The requirements of the specific Community Directives concerning colours and safety signals must be
complied with.
1.7.2. Warning of residual risks
Where risks remain despite the inherent safe design measures, safeguarding and complementary protective
measures adopted, the necessary warnings, including warning devices, must be provided.
1.7.3. Marking of machinery
All machinery must be marked visibly, legibly and indelibly with the following minimum particulars:
— the business name and full address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, his authorised representative,
— designation of the machinery,
— the CE Marking (see Annex III),
— designation of series or type,
— serial number, if any,
— the year of construction, that is the year in which the manufacturing process is completed.
It is prohibited to pre-date or post-date the machinery when affixing the CE marking.
Furthermore, machinery designed and constructed for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere must be
marked accordingly.
Machinery must also bear full information relevant to its type and essential for safe use. Such information is
subject to the requirements set out in section 1.7.1.
Where a machine part must be handled during use with lifting equipment, its mass must be indicated legibly,
indelibly and unambiguously.
1.7.4. Instructions
All machinery must be accompanied by instructions in the official Community language or languages of the
Member State in which it is placed on the market and/or put into service.
The instructions accompanying the machinery must be either ‘Original instructions’ or a ‘Translation of the
original instructions’, in which case the translation must be accompanied by the original instructions.
By way of exception, the maintenance instructions intended for use by specialised personnel mandated by the
manufacturer or his authorised representative may be supplied in only one Community language which the
specialised personnel understand.
The instructions must be drafted in accordance with the principles set out below.
1.7.4.1. General principles for the drafting of instructions
(a) The instructions must be drafted in one or more official Community languages.
The words ‘Original
instructions’ must appear on the language version(s) verified
by the manufacturer or his authorised representative.
(b) Where no ‘Original instructions’ exist in the official language(s) of the country where
the machinery is to be used, a translation into that/those language(s) must be provided by
the manufacturer or his authorised
representative or by the person bringing the machinery
into the language area in question. The translations
must bear the words ‘Translation of the
original instructions’.
(c) The contents of the instructions must cover not only the intended use of the machinery but
also take into account any reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof.
(d) In the case of machinery intended for use by non-professional operators, the wording and
layout of the instructions for use must take into account the level of general education
and acumen that can reasonably be expected from such operators.
1.7.4.2. Contents of the instructions
Each instruction manual must contain, where applicable, at least the following information:
(a) the business name and full address of the manufacturer and of his authorised representative;
(b) the designation of the machinery as marked on the machinery itself, except for the serial
number (see
section 1.7.3);
(c) the EC declaration of conformity, or a document setting out the contents of the EC
declaration of conformity,
showing the particulars of the machinery, not necessarily
including the serial number and the signature;
(d) a general description of the machinery;
(e) the drawings, diagrams, descriptions and explanations necessary for the use,
maintenance and repair of the machinery and for checking its correct functioning;
(f) a description of the workstation(s) likely to be occupied by operators;
(g) a description of the intended use of the machinery;
(h) warnings concerning ways in which the machinery must not be used that experience has
shown might occur;
(i) assembly, installation and connection instructions, including drawings, diagrams and
the means of attachment and the designation of the chassis or installation on which the
machinery is to be mounted;
(j) instructions relating to installation and assembly for reducing noise or vibration;
(k) instructions for the putting into service and use of the machinery and, if necessary,
instructions for the training of operators;
(l) information about the residual risks that remain despite the inherent safe design measures,
safeguarding and complementary protective measures adopted;
(m) instructions on the protective measures to be taken by the user, including, where appropriate,
the
personal protective equipment to be provided;
(n) the essential characteristics of tools which may be fitted to the machinery;
(o) the conditions in which the machinery meets the requirement of stability during use,
transportation,
assembly, dismantling when out of service, testing or foreseeable breakdowns;
(p) instructions with a view to ensuring that transport, handling and storage operations can be
made safely,
giving the mass of the machinery and of its various parts where these are
regularly to be transported
separately;
(q) the operating method to be followed in the event of accident or breakdown; if a blockage is
likely to
occur, the operating method to be followed so as to enable the equipment to be
safely unblocked;
(r) the description of the adjustment and maintenance operations that should be carried
out by the user and
the preventive maintenance measures that should be observed;
(s) instructions designed to enable adjustment and maintenance to be carried out safely,
including the protective measures that should be taken during these operations;
(t) the specifications of the spare parts to be used, when these affect the health and safety of operators;
(u) the following information on airborne noise emissions:
— the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at workstations, where this exceeds 70 dB(A);
where this level does not exceed 70 dB(A), this fact must be indicated,
— the peak C-weighted instantaneous sound pressure value at workstations, where this exceeds
63 Pa
(130 dB in relation to 20 μPa),
— the A-weighted sound power level emitted by the machinery, where the A-weighted emission sound
pressure level at workstations exceeds 80 dB(A).
These values must be either those actually measured for the machinery in question or those established
on the basis of measurements taken for technically comparable machinery which is representative of the
machinery to be produced.
In the case of very large machinery, instead of the A-weighted sound power level, the A-weighted emission
sound pressure levels at specified positions around the machinery may be indicated.
Where the harmonised standards are not applied, sound levels must be measured using the most appropriate
method for the machinery. Whenever sound emission values are indicated the uncertainties
surrounding these values must be specified. The operating conditions of the machinery during measurement
and the measuring methods used must be described.
Where the workstation(s) are undefined or cannot be defined, A-weighted sound pressure levels must be
measured at a distance of 1 metre from the surface of the machinery and at a height of 1,6 metres from
the floor or access platform. The position and value of the maximum sound pressure must be indicated.
Where specific Community Directives lay down other requirements for the measurement of sound pressure
levels or sound power levels, those Directives must be applied and the corresponding provisions of
this section shall not apply;
(v) where machinery is likely to emit non-ionising radiation which may cause harm to persons, in particular
persons with active or non-active implantable medical devices, information concerning the radiation
emitted for the operator and exposed persons.
1.7.4.3. Sales literature
Sales literature describing the machinery must not contradict the instructions as regards health and safety
aspects. Sales literature describing the performance characteristics of machinery must contain the same information on emissions as is contained in the instructions.
2. SUPPLEMENTARY ESSENTIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN CATEGORIES OF MACHINERY
Foodstuffs machinery, machinery for cosmetics or pharmaceutical products, hand-held and/or hand-guided machinery, portable fixing and other impact machinery, machinery for working wood and material with similar physical characteristics must meet all the essential health and safety requirements described in this chapter (see General Principles, point 4).
2.1. FOODSTUFFS MACHINERY AND MACHINERY FOR COSMETICS OR PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
2.1.1. General
Machinery intended for use with foodstuffs or with cosmetics or pharmaceutical products must be designed and constructed in such a way as to avoid any risk of infection, sickness or contagion.
The following requirements must be observed:
(a)
materials in contact with, or intended to come into contact with, foodstuffs or cosmetics or pharmaceutical products must satisfy the conditions set down in the relevant Directives. The machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that these materials can be cleaned before each use. Where this is not possible disposable parts must be used;
(b)
all surfaces in contact with foodstuffs or cosmetics or pharmaceutical products, other than surfaces of disposable parts, must:
－be smooth and have neither ridges nor crevices which could harbour organic materials. The same applies to their joinings,
－be designed and constructed in such a way as to reduce the projections, edges and recesses of assemblies to a minimum,
－be easily cleaned and disinfected, where necessary after removing easily dismantled parts; the inside surfaces must have curves with a radius sufficient to allow thorough cleaning;
(c)
it must be possible for liquids, gases and aerosols deriving from foodstuffs, cosmetics or pharmaceutical products as well as from cleaning, disinfecting and rinsing fluids to be completely discharged from the machinery (if possible, in a ‘cleaning’ position);
(d)
machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent any substances or living creatures, in particular insects, from entering, or any organic matter from accumulating in, areas that cannot be cleaned;
(e)
machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that no ancillary substances hazardous to health, including the lubricants used, can come into contact with foodstuffs, cosmetics or pharmaceutical products. Where necessary, machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that continuing compliance with this requirement can be checked.
2.1.2. Instructions
The instructions for foodstuffs machinery and machinery for use with cosmetics or pharmaceutical products must indicate recommended products and methods for cleaning, disinfecting and rinsing, not only for easily accessible areas but also for areas to which access is impossible or inadvisable.
2.2. PORTABLE HAND-HELD AND/OR HAND-GUIDED MACHINERY
2.2.1. General
Portable hand-held and/or hand-guided machinery must:
－depending on the type of machinery, have a supporting surface of sufficient size and have a sufficient number of handles and supports of an appropriate size, arranged in such a way as to ensure the stability of the machinery under the intended operating conditions,
－except where technically impossible, or where there is an independent control device, in the case of handles which cannot be released in complete safety, be fitted with manual start and stop control devices arranged in such a way that the operator can operate them without releasing the handles,
－present no risks of accidental starting and/or continued operation after the operator has released the handles. Equivalent steps must be taken if this requirement is not technically feasible,
— permit, where necessary, visual observation of the danger zone and of the action of the tool with the material being processed.
The handles of portable machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to make starting and stopping straightforward.
2.2.1.1. Instructions
The instructions must give the following information concerning vibrations transmitted by portable hand-held and hand-guided machinery:
— the vibration total value to which the hand-arm system is subjected, if it exceeds 2,5 m/s2. Where this value does not exceed 2,5 m/s2, this must be mentioned,
— the uncertainty of measurement.
These values must be either those actually measured for the machinery in question or those established on the basis of measurements taken for technically comparable machinery which is representative of the machinery to be produced.
If harmonised standards are not applied, the vibration data must be measured using the most appropriate measurement code for the machinery.
The operating conditions during measurement and the methods used for measurement, or the reference of the harmonised standard applied, must be specified.
2.2.2. Portable fixing and other impact machinery
2.2.2.1. General
Portable fixing and other impact machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that:
—energy is transmitted to the impacted element by the intermediary component that does not leave the device,
—an enabling device prevents impact unless the machinery is positioned correctly with adequate pressure on the base material,
—involuntary triggering is prevented; where necessary, an appropriate sequence of actions on the enabling device and the control device must be required to trigger an impact,
—accidental triggering is prevented during handling or in case of shock,
—loading and unloading operations can be carried out easily and safely.
Where necessary, it must be possible to fit the device with splinter guard(s) and the appropriate guard(s) must be provided by the manufacturer of the machinery.
2.2.2.2. Instructions
The instructions must give the necessary information regarding:
—the accessories and interchangeable equipment that can be used with the machinery,
—the suitable fixing or other impacted elements to be used with the machinery,
—where appropriate, the suitable cartridges to be used.
2.3. MACHINERY FOR WORKING WOOD AND MATERIAL WITH SIMILAR PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Machinery for working wood and materials with similar physical characteristics must comply with the following requirements:
(a)
the machinery must be designed, constructed or equipped in such a way that the piece being machined can be placed and guided in safety; where the piece is hand-held on a work-bench, the latter must be sufficiently stable during the work and must not impede the movement of the piece;
(b)
where the machinery is likely to be used in conditions involving the risk of ejection of workpieces or parts of them, it must be designed, constructed, or equipped in such a way as to prevent such ejection, or, if this is not possible, so that the ejection does not engender risks for the operator and/or exposed persons;
(c)
the machinery must be equipped with an automatic brake that stops the tool in a sufficiently short time if there is a risk of contact with the tool whilst it runs down;
(d)
where the tool is incorporated into a non-fully automated machine, the latter must be designed and constructed in such a way as to eliminate or reduce the risk of accidental injury.
3. SUPPLEMENTARY ESSENTIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS TO OFFSET HAZARDS DUE TO THE MOBILITY OF MACHINERY
Machinery presenting hazards due to its mobility must meet all the essential health and safety requirements described in this chapter (see General Principles, point 4).
3.1. GENERAL
3.1.1. Definitions
(a)
‘Machinery presenting hazards due to its mobility’ means
—machinery the operation of which requires either mobility while working, or continuous or semi-continuous movement between a succession of fixed working locations, or
—machinery which is operated without being moved, but which may be equipped in such a way as to enable it to be moved more easily from one place to another.
(b)
‘Driver’ means an operator responsible for the movement of a machine. The driver may be transported by the machinery or may be on foot, accompanying the machinery, or may guide the machinery by remote control.
3.2. WORK POSITIONS
3.2.1. Driving position
Visibility from the driving position must be such that the driver can, in complete safety for himself and the exposed persons, operate the machinery and its tools in their foreseeable conditions of use. Where necessary, appropriate devices must be provided to remedy hazards due to inadequate direct vision.
Machinery on which the driver is transported must be designed and constructed in such a way that, from the driving positions, there is no risk to the driver from inadvertent contact with the wheels and tracks.
The driving position of ride-on drivers must be designed and constructed in such a way that a driver's cab may be fitted, provided this does not increase the risk and there is room for it. The cab must incorporate a place for the instructions needed for the driver.
3.2.2. Seating
Where there is a risk that operators or other persons transported by the machinery may be crushed between parts of the machinery and the ground should the machinery roll or tip over, in particular for machinery equipped with a protective structure referred to in section 3.4.3 or 3.4.4, their seats must be designed or equipped with a restraint system so as to keep the persons in their seats, without restricting movements necessary for operations or movements relative to the structure caused by the suspension of the seats. Such restraint systems should not be fitted if they increase the risk.
3.2.3. Positions for other persons
If the conditions of use provide that persons other than the driver may occasionally or regularly be transported by the machinery or work on it, appropriate positions must be provided which enable them to be transported or to work on it without risk.
The second and third paragraphs of section 3.2.1 also apply to the places provided for persons other than the driver.
3.3. CONTROL SYSTEMS
If necessary, steps must be taken to prevent unauthorised use of controls.
In the case of remote controls, each control unit must clearly identify the machinery to be controlled from that unit.
The remote control system must be designed and constructed in such a way as to affect only:
—the machinery in question,
—the functions in question.
Remote controlled machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that it will respond only to signals from the intended control units.
3.3.1. Control devices
The driver must be able to actuate all control devices required to operate the machinery from the driving position, except for functions which can be safely actuated only by using control devices located elsewhere. These functions include, in particular, those for which operators other than the driver are responsible or for which the driver has to leave the driving position in order to control them safely.
Where there are pedals, they must be so designed, constructed and fitted as to allow safe operation by the driver with the minimum risk of incorrect operation. They must have a slip-resistant surface and be easy to clean.
Where their operation can lead to hazards, notably dangerous movements, the control devices, except for those with preset positions, must return to the neutral position as soon as they are released by the operator.
In the case of wheeled machinery, the steering system must be designed and constructed in such a way as to reduce the force of sudden movements of the steering wheel or the steering lever caused by shocks to the guide wheels.
Any control that locks the differential must be so designed and arranged that it allows the differential to be unlocked when the machinery is moving.
The sixth paragraph of section 1.2.2, concerning acoustic and/or visual warning signals, applies only in the case of reversing.
3.3.2. Starting/moving
All travel movements of self-propelled machinery with a ride-on driver must be possible only if the driver is at the controls.
Where, for operating purposes, machinery is fitted with devices which exceed its normal clearance zone (e.g. stabilisers, jib, etc.), the driver must be provided with the means of checking easily, before moving the machinery, that such devices are in a particular position which allows safe movement.
This also applies to all other parts which, to allow safe movement, have to be in particular positions, locked if necessary.
Where it does not give rise to other risks, movement of the machinery must depend on safe positioning of the aforementioned parts.
It must not be possible for unintentional movement of the machinery to occur while the engine is being started.
3.3.3. Travelling function
Without prejudice to road traffic regulations, self-propelled machinery and its trailers must meet the requirements for slowing down, stopping, braking and immobilisation so as to ensure safety under all the operating, load, speed, ground and gradient conditions allowed for.
The driver must be able to slow down and stop self-propelled machinery by means of a main device. Where safety so requires, in the event of a failure of the main device, or in the absence of the energy supply needed to actuate the main device, an emergency device with a fully independent and easily accessible control device must be provided for slowing down and stopping.
Where safety so requires, a parking device must be provided to render stationary machinery immobile. This device may be combined with one of the devices referred to in the second paragraph, provided that it is purely mechanical.
Remote-controlled machinery must be equipped with devices for stopping operation automatically and immediately and for preventing potentially dangerous operation in the following situations:
—if the driver loses control,
—if it receives a stop signal,
—if a fault is detected in a safety-related part of the system,
—if no validation signal is detected within a specified time.
Section 1.2.4 does not apply to the travelling function.
3.3.4. Movement of pedestrian-controlled machinery
Movement of pedestrian-controlled self-propelled machinery must be possible only through sustained action on the relevant control device by the driver. In particular, it must not be possible for movement to occur while the engine is being started.
The control systems for pedestrian-controlled machinery must be designed in such a way as to minimise the risks arising from inadvertent movement of the machine towards the driver, in particular:
—crushing,
—injury from rotating tools.
The speed of travel of the machinery must be compatible with the pace of a driver on foot.
In the case of machinery on which a rotary tool may be fitted, it must not be possible to actuate the tool when the reverse control is engaged, except where the movement of the machinery results from movement of the tool. In the latter case, the reversing speed must be such that it does not endanger the driver.
3.3.5. Control circuit failure
A failure in the power supply to the power-assisted steering, where fitted, must not prevent machinery from being steered during the time required to stop it.
3.4. PROTECTION AGAINST MECHANICAL HAZARDS
3.4.1. Uncontrolled movements
Machinery must be designed, constructed and where appropriate placed on its mobile support in such a way as to ensure that, when moved, uncontrolled oscillations of its centre of gravity do not affect its stability or exert excessive strain on its structure.
3.4.2. Moving transmission parts
By way of exception to section 1.3.8.1, in the case of engines, moveable guards preventing access to the moving parts in the engine compartment need not have interlocking devices if they have to be opened either by the use of a tool or key or by a control located in the driving position, providing the latter is in a fully enclosed cab with a lock to prevent unauthorised access.
3.4.3. Roll-over and tip-over
Where, in the case of self-propelled machinery with a ride-on driver, operator(s) or other person(s), there is a risk of rolling or tipping over, the machinery must be fitted with an appropriate protective structure, unless this increases the risk.
This structure must be such that in the event of rolling or tipping over it affords the ride-on person(s) an adequate deflection-limiting volume.
In order to verify that the structure complies with the requirement laid down in the second paragraph, the manufacturer or his authorised representative must, for each type of structure concerned, perform appropriate tests or have such tests performed.
3.4.4. Falling objects
Where, in the case of self-propelled machinery with a ride-on driver, operator(s) or other person(s), there is a risk due to falling objects or material, the machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to take account of this risk and fitted, if its size allows, with an appropriate protective structure.
This structure must be such that, in the event of falling objects or material, it guarantees the ride-on person(s) an adequate deflection-limiting volume.
In order to verify that the structure complies with the requirement laid down in the second paragraph, the manufacturer or his authorised representative must, for each type of structure concerned, perform appropriate tests or have such tests performed.
3.4.5. Means of access
Handholds and steps must be designed, constructed and arranged in such a way that the operators use them instinctively and do not use the control devices to assist access.
3.4.6. Towing devices
All machinery used to tow or to be towed must be fitted with towing or coupling devices designed, constructed and arranged in such a way as to ensure easy and secure connection and disconnection and to prevent accidental disconnection during use.
Insofar as the tow bar load so requires, such machinery must be equipped with a support with a bearing surface suited to the load and the ground.
3.4.7. Transmission of power between self-propelled machinery (or tractor) and recipient machinery
Removable mechanical transmission devices linking self-propelled machinery (or a tractor) to the first fixed bearing of recipient machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that any part that moves during operation is protected over its whole length.
On the side of the self-propelled machinery (or tractor), the power take-off to which the removable mechanical transmission device is attached must be protected either by a guard fixed and linked to the self-propelled machinery (or tractor) or by any other device offering equivalent protection.
It must be possible to open this guard for access to the removable transmission device. Once it is in place, there must be enough room to prevent the drive shaft damaging the guard when the machinery (or the tractor) is moving.
On the recipient machinery side, the input shaft must be enclosed in a protective casing fixed to the machinery.
Torque limiters or freewheels may be fitted to universal joint transmissions only on the side adjoining the driven machinery. The removable mechanical transmission device must be marked accordingly.
All recipient machinery, the operation of which requires a removable mechanical transmission device to connect it to self-propelled machinery (or a tractor), must have a system for attaching the removable mechanical transmission device so that, when the machinery is uncoupled, the removable mechanical transmission device and its guard are not damaged by contact with the ground or part of the machinery.
The outside parts of the guard must be so designed, constructed and arranged that they cannot turn with the removable mechanical transmission device. The guard must cover the transmission to the ends of the inner jaws in the case of simple universal joints and at least to the centre of the outer joint or joints in the case of wide-angle universal joints.
If means of access to working positions are provided near to the removable mechanical transmission device, they must be designed and constructed in such a way that the shaft guards cannot be used as steps, unless designed and constructed for that purpose.
3.5. PROTECTION AGAINST OTHER HAZARDS
3.5.1. Batteries
The battery housing must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent the electrolyte being ejected on to the operator in the event of rollover or tipover and to avoid the accumulation of vapours in places occupied by operators.
Machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that the battery can be disconnected with the aid of an easily accessible device provided for that purpose.
3.5.2. Fire
Depending on the hazards anticipated by the manufacturer, machinery must, where its size permits:
—either allow easily accessible fire extinguishers to be fitted, or
—be provided with built-in extinguisher systems.
3.5.3. Emissions of hazardous substances
The second and third paragraphs of section 1.5.13 do not apply where the main function of the machinery is the spraying of products. However, the operator must be protected against the risk of exposure to such hazardous emissions.
3.6. INFORMATION AND INDICATIONS
3.6.1. Signs, signals and warnings
All machinery must have signs and/or instruction plates concerning use, adjustment and maintenance, wherever necessary, so as to ensure the health and safety of persons. They must be chosen, designed and constructed in such a way as to be clearly visible and indelible.
Without prejudice to the provisions of road traffic regulations, machinery with a ride-on driver must have the following equipment:
—an acoustic warning device to alert persons,
—a system of light signals relevant to the intended conditions of use; the latter requirement does not apply to machinery intended solely for underground working and having no electrical power,
—where necessary, there must be an appropriate connection between a trailer and the machinery for the operation of signals.
Remote-controlled machinery which, under normal conditions of use, exposes persons to the risk of impact or crushing must be fitted with appropriate means to signal its movements or with means to protect persons against such risks. The same applies to machinery which involves, when in use, the constant repetition of a forward and backward movement on a single axis where the area to the rear of the machine is not directly visible to the driver.
Machinery must be constructed in such a way that the warning and signalling devices cannot be disabled unintentionally. Where it is essential for safety, such devices must be provided with the means to check that they are in good working order and their failure must be made apparent to the operator.
Where the movement of machinery or its tools is particularly hazardous, signs on the machinery must be provided to warn against approaching the machinery while it is working; the signs must be legible at a sufficient distance to ensure the safety of persons who have to be in the vicinity.
3.6.2. Marking
The following must be shown legibly and indelibly on all machinery:
—nominal power expressed in kilowatts (kW),
—mass of the most usual configuration, in kilograms (kg);
and, where appropriate:
—maximum drawbar pull provided for at the coupling hook, in Newtons (N),
—maximum vertical load provided for on the coupling hook, in Newtons (N).
3.6.3. Instructions
3.6.3.1. Vibrations
The instructions must give the following information concerning vibrations transmitted by the machinery to the hand-arm system or to the whole body:
—the vibration total value to which the hand-arm system is subjected, if it exceeds 2,5 m/s2. Where this value does not exceed 2,5 m/s2, this must be mentioned,
—the highest root mean square value of weighted acceleration to which the whole body is subjected, if it exceeds 0,5 m/s2. Where this value does not exceed 0,5 m/s2, this must be mentioned,
—the uncertainty of measurement.
These values must be either those actually measured for the machinery in question or those established on the basis of measurements taken for technically comparable machinery which is representative of the machinery to be produced.
Where harmonised standards are not applied, the vibration must be measured using the most appropriate measurement code for the machinery concerned.
The operating conditions during measurement and the measurement codes used must be described.
3.6.3.2. Multiple uses
The instructions for machinery allowing several uses depending on the equipment used and the instructions for the interchangeable equipment must contain the information necessary for safe assembly and use of the basic machinery and the interchangeable equipment that can be fitted.
4. SUPPLEMENTARY ESSENTIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS TO OFFSET HAZARDS DUE TO LIFTING OPERATIONS
Machinery presenting hazards due to lifting operations must meet all the relevant essential health and safety requirements described in this chapter (see General Principles, point 4).
4.1. GENERAL
4.1.1. Definitions
(a)
Lifting operation’ means a movement of unit loads consisting of goods and/or persons necessitating, at a given moment, a change of level.
(b)
‘Guided load’ means a load where the total movement is made along rigid or flexible guides whose position is determined by fixed points.
(c)
‘Working coefficient’ means the arithmetic ratio between the load guaranteed by the manufacturer or his authorised representative up to which a component is able to hold it and the maximum working load marked on the component.
(d)
‘Test coefficient’ means the arithmetic ratio between the load used to carry out the static or dynamic tests on lifting machinery or a lifting accessory and the maximum working load marked on the lifting machinery or lifting accessory.
(e)
‘Static test’ means the test during which lifting machinery or a lifting accessory is first inspected and subjected to a force corresponding to the maximum working load multiplied by the appropriate static test coefficient and then re-inspected once the said load has been released to ensure that no damage has occurred.
(f)
‘Dynamic test’ means the test during which lifting machinery is operated in all its possible configurations at the maximum working load multiplied by the appropriate dynamic test coefficient with account being taken of the dynamic behaviour of the lifting machinery in order to check that it functions properly.
(g)
‘Carrier’ means a part of the machinery on or in which persons and/or goods are supported in order to be lifted.
4.1.2. Protection against mechanical hazards
4.1.2.1. Risks due to lack of stability
Machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that the stability required by section 1.3.1 is maintained both in service and out of service, including all stages of transportation, assembly and dismantling, during foreseeable component failures and also during the tests carried out in accordance with the instruction handbook. To that end, the manufacturer or his authorised representative must use the appropriate verification methods.
4.1.2.2. Machinery running on guide rails and rail tracks
Machinery must be provided with devices which act on the guide rails or tracks to prevent derailment.
If, despite such devices, there remains a risk of derailment or of failure of a rail or of a running component, devices must be provided which prevent the equipment, component or load from falling or the machinery from overturning.
4.1.2.3. Mechanical strength
Machinery, lifting accessories and their components must be capable of withstanding the stresses to which they are subjected, both in and, where applicable, out of use, under the installation and operating conditions provided for and in all relevant configurations, with due regard, where appropriate, to the effects of atmospheric factors and forces exerted by persons. This requirement must also be satisfied during transport, assembly and dismantling.
Machinery and lifting accessories must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent failure from fatigue and wear, taking due account of their intended use.
The materials used must be chosen on the basis of the intended working environments, with particular regard to corrosion, abrasion, impacts, extreme temperatures, fatigue, brittleness and ageing.
Machinery and lifting accessories must be designed and constructed in such a way as to withstand the overload in the static tests without permanent deformation or patent defect. Strength calculations must take account of the value of the static test coefficient chosen to guarantee an adequate level of safety. That coefficient has, as a general rule, the following values:
(a)
manually-operated machinery and lifting accessories: 1,5;
(b)
other machinery: 1,25.
Machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to undergo, without failure, the dynamic tests carried out using the maximum working load multiplied by the dynamic test coefficient. This dynamic test coefficient is chosen so as to guarantee an adequate level of safety: the coefficient is, as a general rule, equal to 1,1. As a general rule, the tests will be performed at the nominal speeds provided for. Should the control circuit of the machinery allow for a number of simultaneous movements, the tests must be carried out under the least favourable conditions, as a general rule by combining the movements concerned.
4.1.2.4. Pulleys, drums, wheels, ropes and chains
Pulleys, drums and wheels must have a diameter commensurate with the size of the ropes or chains with which they can be fitted.
Drums and wheels must be designed, constructed and installed in such a way that the ropes or chains with which they are equipped can be wound without coming off.
Ropes used directly for lifting or supporting the load must not include any splicing other than at their ends. Splicings are, however, tolerated in installations which are intended by design to be modified regularly according to needs of use.
Complete ropes and their endings must have a working coefficient chosen in such a way as to guarantee an adequate level of safety. As a general rule, this coefficient is equal to 5.
Lifting chains must have a working coefficient chosen in such a way as to guarantee an adequate level of safety. As a general rule, this coefficient is equal to 4.
In order to verify that an adequate working coefficient has been attained, the manufacturer or his authorised representative must, for each type of chain and rope used directly for lifting the load and for the rope ends, perform the appropriate tests or have such tests performed.
4.1.2.5. Lifting accessories and their components
Lifting accessories and their components must be sized with due regard to fatigue and ageing processes for a number of operating cycles consistent with their expected life-span as specified in the operating conditions for a given application.
Moreover:
(a)
the working coefficient of wire-rope/rope-end combinations must be chosen in such a way as to guarantee an adequate level of safety; this coefficient is, as a general rule, equal to 5. Ropes must not comprise any splices or loops other than at their ends;
(b)
where chains with welded links are used, they must be of the short-link type. The working coefficient of chains must be chosen in such a way as to guarantee an adequate level of safety; this coefficient is, as a general rule, equal to 4;
(c)
the working coefficient for textile ropes or slings is dependent on the material, method of manufacture, dimensions and use. This coefficient must be chosen in such a way as to guarantee an adequate level of safety; it is, as a general rule, equal to 7, provided the materials used are shown to be of very good quality and the method of manufacture is appropriate to the intended use. Should this not be the case, the coefficient is, as a general rule, set at a higher level in order to secure an equivalent level of safety. Textile ropes and slings must not include any knots, connections or splicing other than at the ends of the sling, except in the case of an endless sling;
(d)
all metallic components making up, or used with, a sling must have a working coefficient chosen in such a way as to guarantee an adequate level of safety; this coefficient is, as a general rule, equal to 4;
(e)
the maximum working load of a multilegged sling is determined on the basis of the working coefficient of the weakest leg, the number of legs and a reduction factor which depends on the slinging configuration;
(f)
in order to verify that an adequate working coefficient has been attained, the manufacturer or his authorised representative must, for each type of component referred to in (a), (b), (c) and (d), perform the appropriate tests or have such tests performed.
4.1.2.6. Control of movements
Devices for controlling movements must act in such a way that the machinery on which they are installed is kept safe.
(a)
Machinery must be designed and constructed or fitted with devices in such a way that the amplitude of movement of its components is kept within the specified limits. The operation of such devices must, where appropriate, be preceded by a warning.
(b)
Where several fixed or rail-mounted machines can be manoeuvred simultaneously in the same place, with risks of collision, such machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to make it possible to fit systems enabling these risks to be avoided.
(c)
Machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way that the loads cannot creep dangerously or fall freely and unexpectedly, even in the event of partial or total failure of the power supply or when the operator stops operating the machine.
(d)
It must not be possible, under normal operating conditions, to lower the load solely by friction brake, except in the case of machinery whose function requires it to operate in that way.
(e)
Holding devices must be designed and constructed in such a way that inadvertent dropping of the loads is avoided.
4.1.2.7. Movements of loads during handling
The operating position of machinery must be located in such a way as to ensure the widest possible view of trajectories of the moving parts, in order to avoid possible collisions with persons, equipment or other machinery which might be manoeuvring at the same time and liable to constitute a hazard.
Machinery with guided loads must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent persons from being injured by movement of the load, the carrier or the counterweights, if any.
4.1.2.8. Machinery serving fixed landings
4.1.2.8.1. Movements of the carrier
The movement of the carrier of machinery serving fixed landings must be rigidly guided to and at the landings. Scissor systems are also regarded as rigid guidance.
4.1.2.8.2. Access to the carrier
Where persons have access to the carrier, the machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to ensure that the carrier remains stationary during access, in particular while it is being loaded or unloaded.
The machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to ensure that the difference in level between the carrier and the landing being served does not create a risk of tripping.
4.1.2.8.3. Risks due to contact with the moving carrier
Where necessary in order to fulfil the requirement expressed in the second paragraph of section 4.1.2.7, the travel zone must be rendered inaccessible during normal operation.
When, during inspection or maintenance, there is a risk that persons situated under or above the carrier may be crushed between the carrier and any fixed parts, sufficient free space must be provided either by means of physical refuges or by means of mechanical devices blocking the movement of the carrier.
4.1.2.8.4. Risk due to the load falling off the carrier
Where there is a risk due to the load falling off the carrier, the machinery must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent this risk.
4.1.2.8.5. Landings
Risks due to contact of persons at landings with the moving carrier or other moving parts must be prevented.
Where there is a risk due to persons falling into the travel zone when the carrier is not present at the landings, guards must be fitted in order to prevent this risk. Such guards must not open in the direction of the travel zone. They must be fitted with an interlocking device controlled by the position of the carrier that prevents:
—hazardous movements of the carrier until the guards are closed and locked,
—hazardous opening of a guard until the carrier has stopped at the corresponding landing.
4.1.3. Fitness for purpose
When lifting machinery or lifting accessories are placed on the market or are first put into service, the manufacturer or his authorised representative must ensure, by taking appropriate measures or having them taken, that the machinery or the lifting accessories which are ready for use — whether manually or power-operated — can fulfil their specified functions safely.
The static and dynamic tests referred to in section 4.1.2.3 must be performed on all lifting machinery ready to be put into service.
Where the machinery cannot be assembled in the manufacturer's premises or in the premises of his authorised representative, the appropriate measures must be taken at the place of use. Otherwise, the measures may be taken either in the manufacturer's premises or at the place of use.
4.2. REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINERY WHOSE POWER SOURCE IS OTHER THAN MANUAL EFFORT
4.2.1. Control of movements
Hold-to-run control devices must be used to control the movements of the machinery or its equipment. However, for partial or complete movements in which there is no risk of the load or the machinery colliding, the said devices may be replaced by control devices authorising automatic stops at pre-selected positions without the operator holding a hold-to-run control device.
4.2.2. Loading control
Machinery with a maximum working load of not less than 1 000 kilograms or an overturning moment of not less than 40 000 Nm must be fitted with devices to warn the driver and prevent dangerous movements in the event:
—of overloading, either as a result of the maximum working load or the maximum working moment due to the load being exceeded, or
—of the overturning moment being exceeded.
4.2.3. Installations guided by ropes
Rope carriers, tractors or tractor carriers must be held by counterweights or by a device allowing permanent control of the tension.
4.3. INFORMATION AND MARKINGS
4.3.1. Chains, ropes and webbing
Each length of lifting chain, rope or webbing not forming part of an assembly must bear a mark or, where this is not possible, a plate or irremovable ring bearing the name and address of the manufacturer or his authorised representative and the identifying reference of the relevant certificate.
The certificate mentioned above must show at least the following information:
(a)
the name and address of the manufacturer and, if appropriate, his authorised representative;
(b)
a description of the chain or rope which includes:
—its nominal size,
—its construction,
—the material from which it is made, and
—any special metallurgical treatment applied to the material;
(c)
the test method used;
(d)
the maximum load to which the chain or rope should be subjected in service. A range of values may be given on the basis of the intended applications.
4.3.2. Lifting accessories
Lifting accessories must show the following particulars:
—identification of the material where this information is needed for safe use,
—the maximum working load.
In the case of lifting accessories on which marking is physically impossible, the particulars referred to in the first paragraph must be displayed on a plate or other equivalent means and securely affixed to the accessory.
The particulars must be legible and located in a place where they are not liable to disappear as a result of wear or jeopardise the strength of the accessory.
4.3.3. Lifting machinery
The maximum working load must be prominently marked on the machinery. This marking must be legible, indelible and in an un-coded form.
Where the maximum working load depends on the configuration of the machinery, each operating position must be provided with a load plate indicating, preferably in diagrammatic form or by means of tables, the working load permitted for each configuration.
Machinery intended for lifting goods only, equipped with a carrier which allows access to persons, must bear a clear and indelible warning prohibiting the lifting of persons. This warning must be visible at each place where access is possible.
4.4. INSTRUCTIONS
4.4.1. Lifting accessories
Each lifting accessory or each commercially indivisible batch of lifting accessories must be accompanied by instructions setting out at least the following particulars:
(a)
the intended use;
(b)
the limits of use (particularly for lifting accessories such as magnetic or vacuum pads which do not fully comply with section 4.1.2.6(e));
(c)
instructions for assembly, use and maintenance;
(d)
the static test coefficient used.
4.4.2. Lifting machinery
Lifting machinery must be accompanied by instructions containing information on:
(a)
the technical characteristics of the machinery, and in particular:
—the maximum working load and, where appropriate, a copy of the load plate or load table described in the second paragraph of section 4.3.3,
—the reactions at the supports or anchors and, where appropriate, characteristics of the tracks,
—where appropriate, the definition and the means of installation of the ballast;
(b)
the contents of the logbook, if the latter is not supplied with the machinery;
(c)
advice for use, particularly to offset the lack of direct vision of the load by the operator;
(d)
where appropriate, a test report detailing the static and dynamic tests carried out by or for the manufacturer or his authorised representative;
(e)
for machinery which is not assembled on the premises of the manufacturer in the form in which it is to be used, the necessary instructions for performing the measures referred to in section 4.1.3 before it is first put into service.
5. SUPPLEMENTARY ESSENTIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINERY INTENDED FOR UNDERGROUND WORK
Machinery intended for underground work must meet all the essential health and safety requirements described in this chapter (see General Principles, point 4).
5.1. RISKS DUE TO LACK OF STABILITY
Powered roof supports must be designed and constructed in such a way as to maintain a given direction when moving and not slip before and while they come under load and after the load has been removed. They must be equipped with anchorages for the top plates of the individual hydraulic props.
5.2. MOVEMENT
Powered roof supports must allow for unhindered movement of persons.
5.3. CONTROL DEVICES
The accelerator and brake controls for movement of machinery running on rails must be hand-operated. However, enabling devices may be foot-operated.
The control devices of powered roof supports must be designed and positioned in such a way that, during displacement operations, operators are sheltered by a support in place. The control devices must be protected against any accidental release.
5.4. STOPPING
Self-propelled machinery running on rails for use in underground work must be equipped with an enabling device acting on the circuit controlling the movement of the machinery such that movement is stopped if the driver is no longer in control of the movement.
5.5. FIRE
The second indent of section 3.5.2 is mandatory in respect of machinery which comprises highly flammable parts.
The braking system of machinery intended for use in underground workings must be designed and constructed in such a way that it does not produce sparks or cause fires.
Machinery with internal combustion engines for use in underground workings must be fitted only with engines using fuel with a low vaporising pressure and which exclude any spark of electrical origin.
5.6. EXHAUST EMISSIONS
Exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines must not be discharged upwards.
6. SUPPLEMENTARY ESSENTIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINERY PRESENTING PARTICULAR HAZARDS DUE TO THE LIFTING OF PERSONS
Machinery presenting hazards due to the lifting of persons must meet all the relevant essential health and safety requirements described in this chapter (see General Principles, point 4).
6.1. GENERAL
6.1.1. Mechanical strength
The carrier, including any trapdoors, must be designed and constructed in such a way as to offer the space and strength corresponding to the maximum number of persons permitted on the carrier and the maximum working load.
The working coefficients for components set out in sections 4.1.2.4 and 4.1.2.5 are inadequate for machinery intended for the lifting of persons and must, as a general rule, be doubled. Machinery intended for lifting persons or persons and goods must be fitted with a suspension or supporting system for the carrier designed and constructed in such a way as to ensure an adequate overall level of safety and to prevent the risk of the carrier falling.
If ropes or chains are used to suspend the carrier, as a general rule, at least two independent ropes or chains are required, each with its own anchorage.
6.1.2. Loading control for machinery moved by power other than human strength
The requirements of section 4.2.2 apply regardless of the maximum working load and overturning moment, unless the manufacturer can demonstrate that there is no risk of overloading or overturning.
6.2. CONTROL DEVICES
Where safety requirements do not impose other solutions, the carrier must, as a general rule, be designed and constructed in such a way that persons in the carrier have means of controlling upward and downward movements and, if appropriate, other movements of the carrier.
In operation, those control devices must override any other devices controlling the same movement with the exception of emergency stop devices.
The control devices for these movements must be of the hold-to-run type except where the carrier itself is completely enclosed.
6.3. RISKS TO PERSONS IN OR ON THE CARRIER
6.3.1. Risks due to movements of the carrier
Machinery for lifting persons must be designed, constructed or equipped in such a way that the acceleration or deceleration of the carrier does not engender risks for persons.
6.3.2. Risk of persons falling from the carrier
The carrier must not tilt to an extent which creates a risk of the occupants falling, including when the machinery and carrier are moving.
Where the carrier is designed as a work station, provision must be made to ensure stability and to prevent hazardous movements.
If the measures referred to in section 1.5.15 are not adequate, carriers must be fitted with a sufficient number of suitable anchorage points for the number of persons permitted on the carrier. The anchorage points must be strong enough for the use of personal protective equipment against falls from a height.
Any trapdoor in floors or ceilings or side doors must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent inadvertent opening and must open in a direction that obviates any risk of falling, should they open unexpectedly.
6.3.3. Risk due to objects falling on the carrier
Where there is a risk of objects falling on the carrier and endangering persons, the carrier must be equipped with a protective roof.
6.4. MACHINERY SERVING FIXED LANDINGS
6.4.1. Risks to persons in or on the carrier
The carrier must be designed and constructed in such a way as to prevent risks due to contact between persons and/or objects in or on the carrier with any fixed or moving elements. Where necessary in order to fulfil this requirement, the carrier itself must be completely enclosed with doors fitted with an interlocking device that prevents hazardous movements of the carrier unless the doors are closed. The doors must remain closed if the carrier stops between landings where there is a risk of falling from the carrier.
The machinery must be designed, constructed and, where necessary, equipped with devices in such a way as to prevent uncontrolled upward or downward movement of the carrier. These devices must be able to stop the carrier at its maximum working load and at the foreseeable maximum speed.
The stopping action must not cause deceleration harmful to the occupants, whatever the load conditions.
6.4.2. Controls at landings
Controls, other than those for emergency use, at landings must not initiate movements of the carrier when:
—the control devices in the carrier are being operated,
—the carrier is not at a landing.
6.4.3. Access to the carrier
The guards at the landings and on the carrier must be designed and constructed in such a way as to ensure safe transfer to and from the carrier, taking into consideration the foreseeable range of goods and persons to be lifted.
6.5. MARKINGS
The carrier must bear the information necessary to ensure safety including:
—the number of persons permitted on the carrier,
—the maximum working load.
ANNEX II
Declarations宣告書
1. CONTENT
A. EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY OF THE MACHINERY機械宣告書
This declaration and translations thereof must be drawn up under the same conditions as the instructions (see
Annex I, section 1.7.4.1(a) and (b)), and must be typewritten or else handwritten in capital letters.
This declaration relates exclusively to the machinery in the state in which it was placed on the market, and excludes components which are added and/or operations carried out subsequently by the final user.
The EC declaration of conformity must contain the following particulars:宣告書包括
1. business name and full address of the manufacturer and, where appropriate,
his authorised representative;製造商公司名稱及地址與其授權代表
2. name and address of the person authorised to compile the technical file,
who must be established in the Community;歐盟地區技術文件授權代表
3. description and identification of the machinery, including generic denomination,
function, model, type, serial
number and commercial name;產品品名/型號,及/或型式序號
4. a sentence expressly declaring that the machinery fulfils all the relevant provisions
of this Directive and where
appropriate, a similar sentence declaring the conformity
with other Directives and/or relevant provisions with
which the machinery complies.
These references must be those of the texts published in the Official Journal of
the
European Union;聲明符合指令要求敘述
5. where appropriate, the name, address and identification number of the notified body
which carried out the EC
type-examination referred to in Annex IX and the number of
the EC type-examination certificate;執行(危險機械)型式認證之歐盟第三證機構名稱及地址與其ID代碼
6. where appropriate, the name, address and identification number of the notified body
which approved the full
quality assurance system referred to in Annex X;執行(危險機械)品質系統認證之歐盟 第三證機構名稱及地址與其ID代碼
7. where appropriate, a reference to the harmonised standards used, as referred to in Article 7(2);
8. where appropriate, the reference to other technical standards and specifications used;產品使用標準
9. the place and date of the declaration;宣告地點及日期
10.the identity and signature of the person empowered to draw up the declaration on behalf
of the manufacturer
or his authorised representative.宣告者或其授權代表簽名
B. DECLARATION OF INCORPORATION OF PARTLY COMPLETED MACHINERY半成品零件符合宣告書
This declaration and translations thereof must be drawn up under the same conditions as the instructions (see
Annex 1, section 1.7.4.1(a) and (b)), and must be typewritten or else handwritten in capital letters.
The declaration of incorporation must contain the following particulars:
1. business name and full address of the manufacturer of the partly completed machinery and, where appropriate,
his authorised representative;
2. name and address of the person authorised to compile the relevant technical documentation, who must be established
in the Community;
3. description and identification of the partly completed machinery including generic denomination, function,
model, type, serial number and commercial name;
4. a sentence declaring which essential requirements of this Directive are applied and fulfilled and that the relevant
technical documentation is compiled in accordance with part B of Annex VII, and, where appropriate, a sentence
declaring the conformity of the partly completed machinery with other relevant Directives. These references
must be those of the texts published in the Official Journal of the European Union;
5. an undertaking to transmit, in response to a reasoned request by the national authorities, relevant information
on the partly completed machinery. This shall include the method of transmission and shall be without prejudice
to the intellectual property rights of the manufacturer of the partly completed machinery;
6. a statement that the partly completed machinery must not be put into service until the final machinery into
which it is to be incorporated has been declared in conformity with the provisions of this Directive, where
appropriate;
7. the place and date of the declaration;
8. the identity and signature of the person empowered to draw up the declaration on behalf of the manufacturer or
his authorised representative.
9.6.2006 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 157/65
2. CUSTODY 保管監護
The manufacturer of machinery or his authorised representative shall keep the original EC declaration of conformity
for a period of at least 10 years from the last date of manufacture of the machinery.
The manufacturer of partly completed machinery or his authorised representative shall keep the original declaration
of incorporation for a period of at least 10 years from the last date of manufacture of the partly completed
machinery.
ANNEX III
CE marking
The CE conformity marking shall consist of the initials ‘CE’ taking the following form:
If the CE marking is reduced or enlarged the proportions shown in the above drawing must be respected.
The various components of the CE marking must have substantially the same vertical dimension, which may not be less
than 5 mm. The minimum dimension may be waived for small-scale machinery.
The CE marking must be affixed in the immediate vicinity of the name of the manufacturer or his authorised representative,
using the same technique.
Where the full quality assurance procedure referred to in Article 12(3)(c) and 12(4)(b) has been applied,
the CE marking must be followed by the identification number of the notified body.
ANNEX IV危險機械類
Categories of machinery to which one of the procedures referred to in Article 12(3) and (4) must be applied
1. Circular saws (single- or multi-blade) for working with wood and material with similar physical characteristics or
for working with meat and material with similar physical characteristics, of the following types:
1.1. sawing machinery with fixed blade(s) during cutting, having a fixed bed or support with manual feed of the workpiece
or with a demountable power feed;
1.2. sawing machinery with fixed blade(s) during cutting, having a manually operated reciprocating saw-bench or
carriage;
1.3 sawing machinery with fixed blade(s) during cutting, having a built-in mechanical feed device for the workpieces,
with manual loading and/or unloading;
1.4. sawing machinery with movable blade(s) during cutting, having mechanical movement of the blade, with manual
loading and/or unloading.
2. Hand-fed surface planing machinery for woodworking.
3. Thicknessers for one-side dressing having a built-in mechanical feed device, with manual loading and/or unloading
for woodworking.
4. Band-saws with manual loading and/or unloading for working with wood and material with similar physical characteristics
or for working with meat and material with similar physical characteristics, of the following types:
4.1. sawing machinery with fixed blade(s) during cutting, having a fixed or reciprocating-movement bed or support
for the workpiece;
4.2. sawing machinery with blade(s) assembled on a carriage with reciprocating motion.
5. Combined machinery of the types referred to in points 1 to 4 and in point 7 for working with wood and material
with similar physical characteristics.
6. Hand-fed tenoning machinery with several tool holders for woodworking.
7. Hand-fed vertical spindle moulding machinery for working with wood and material with similar physical characteristics.
8. Portable chainsaws for woodworking.
9. Presses, including press-brakes, for the cold working of metals, with manual loading and/or unloading, whose
movable working parts may have a travel exceeding 6 mm and a speed exceeding 30 mm/s.
10. Injection or compression plastics-moulding machinery with manual loading or unloading.
11. Injection or compression rubber-moulding machinery with manual loading or unloading.
12. Machinery for underground working of the following types:
12.1. locomotives and brake-vans;
12.2. hydraulic-powered roof supports.
13. Manually loaded trucks for the collection of household refuse incorporating a compression mechanism.
14. Removable mechanical transmission devices including their guards.
15. Guards for removable mechanical transmission devices.
16. Vehicle servicing lifts.
17. Devices for the lifting of persons or of persons and goods involving a hazard of falling from a vertical height of
more than three metres.
18. Portable cartridge-operated fixing and other impact machinery.
19. Protective devices designed to detect the presence of persons.
20. Power-operated interlocking movable guards designed to be used as safeguards in machinery referred to in
points 9, 10 and 11.
21. Logic units to ensure safety functions.
22. Roll-over protective structures (ROPS).
23. Falling-object protective structures (FOPS).
ANNEX V
Indicative list of the safety components referred to in Article 2(c)重要安全零件
1. Guards for removable mechanical transmission devices.
2. Protective devices designed to detect the presence of persons.
3. Power-operated interlocking movable guards designed to be used as safeguards in
machinery referred to in items 9,
10 and 11 of Annex IV.
4. Logic units to ensure safety functions.
5. Valves with additional means for failure detection intended for the control of
dangerous movements on machinery.
6. Extraction systems for machinery emissions.
7. Guards and protective devices designed to protect persons against moving parts
involved in the process on the
machinery.
8. Monitoring devices for loading and movement control in lifting machinery.
9. Restraint systems to keep persons on their seats.
10. Emergency stop devices.
11. Discharging systems to prevent the build-up of potentially dangerous electrostatic charges.
12. Energy limiters and relief devices referred to in sections 1.5.7, 3.4.7 and 4.1.2.6 of Annex I.
13. Systems and devices to reduce the emission of noise and vibrations.
14. Roll-over protective structures (ROPS).
15. Falling-object protective structures (FOPS).
16. Two-hand control devices.
17. Components for machinery designed for lifting and/or lowering persons between different
landings and included in
the following list:
(a) devices for locking landing doors;
(b) devices to prevent the load-carrying unit from falling or unchecked upwards movement;
(c) overspeed limitation devices;
(d) energy-accumulating shock absorbers,
— non-linear, or
— with damping of the return movement;
(e) energy-dissipating shock absorbers;
(f) safety devices fitted to jacks of hydraulic power circuits where these are used as
devices to prevent falls;
(g) electric safety devices in the form of safety switches containing electronic components.
ANNEX VI
Assembly instructions for partly completed machinery重要安全零件說明書
The assembly instructions for partly completed machinery must contain a description of
the conditions which must be met with a view to correct incorporation in the final
machinery, so as not to compromise safety and health.
The assembly instructions must
be written in an official Community language acceptable to the manufacturer of the
machinery in which the partly completed machinery will be assembled, or to his authorised
representative.
ANNEX VII
A. Technical file for machinery 技術文件
This part describes the procedure for compiling a technical file. The technical file must
demonstrate that the
machinery complies with the requirements of this Directive.
It must cover the design, manufacture and operation of the machinery to the extent
necessary for this assessment. The technical file must be compiled in one or more official
Community languages, except for the instructions for the machinery, for which the special
provisions of Annex I, section 1.7.4.1 apply.
1. The technical file shall comprise the following:技術文件必須包括:(a)產品結構檔案\(b)系列生產
(a) a construction file including:產品結構檔案
— a general description of the machinery,機械描述
— the overall drawing of the machinery機械圖 and drawings of the control circuits電路圖,
as well as the pertinent descriptions and explanations necessary for understanding the
operation of the machinery,
— full detailed drawings, accompanied by any calculation notes, test results, certificates,
etc., required to check the conformity of the machinery with the essential health
and safety requirements,證明符合的一切圖\計算\測試\證明文件
— the documentation on risk assessment demonstrating the procedure followed, including:風險評估執行過程
(i) a list of the essential health and safety requirements 查檢表 which apply to the machinery,
(ii) the description of the protective measuresimplemented to eliminate
identified hazards or to reduce risks and, when appropriate, the indication of
the residual risks associated with the machinery,安全保護措施與殘餘風險
— the standards and other technical specifications used,indicating the essential health and safety
requirements covered by these standards,
使用的標準與其他技術規格證實essential health and safety requirements規定已被涵蓋
— any technical report giving the results of the tests carried out either by the manufacturer
or by a body chosen by the manufacturer or his authorised representative,
工廠\工廠選定團體\或授權指定代表執行之測試或技術報告
— a copy of the instructions for the machinery,說明書
— where appropriate, the declaration of incorporation for included partly completed machinery and the
relevant assembly instructions for such machinery,半成品零件宣告書\說明書
— where appropriate, copies of the EC declaration of conformity of machinery or other products
incorporated into the machinery,配合使用之產品EC宣告書
— a copy of the EC declaration of conformity;EC宣告書
(b) for series manufacture, the internal measures that will be implemented to ensure 系列生產
that the machinery remains
in conformity with the provisions of this Directive.
The manufacturer must carry out necessary research and tests on components, fittings
or the completed
machinery to determine whether by its design or construction it is
capable of being assembled and put into
service safely. The relevant reports and results
shall be included in the technical file.
系列生產,工廠內部方法必須確保該機械仍符合本指令要求
工廠必須執行必要研發與零件測試,以確保完整機械設計與結構可被安全使用
上述相關報告與結果必須存檔於技術文件檔案中
2. The technical file referred to in point 1 must be made available to the competent authorities of the Member
States for at least 10 years following the date of manufacture of the machinery or, in the case of series manufacture,
of the last unit produced.
The technical file does not have to be located in the territory of the Community, nor does it have to be permanently available in material form. However, it must be capable of being assembled and made available within a period of time commensurate with its complexity by the person designated in the EC declaration of conformity.
The technical file does not have to include detailed plans or any other specific information as regards the subassemblies
used for the manufacture of the machinery unless a knowledge of them is essential for verification of
conformity with the essential health and safety requirements.
技術文件必須至少保存10年
3. Failure to present the technical file in response to a duly reasoned request by the competent national authorities may constitute sufficient grounds for doubting the conformity of the machinery in question with the essential health and safety requirements.
競爭授權代表反映任何上述文件之失效,可構成懷疑essential health and safety requirements之符合姓
B. Relevant technical documentation for partly completed machinery部品零件技術文件
This part describes the procedure for compiling relevant technical documentation. The documentation must show
which requirements of this Directive are applied and fulfilled. It must cover the design, manufacture and operation of the partly completed machinery to the extent necessary for the assessment of conformity with the essential health and safety requirements applied. The documentation must be compiled in one or more official Community languages.
It shall comprise the following:
(a) a construction file including:
— the overall drawing of the partly completed machinery and drawings of the control circuits,
— full detailed drawings, accompanied by any calculation notes, test results, certificates, etc., required to check the conformity of the partly completed machinery with the applied essential health and safety requirements,
— the risk assessment documentation showing the procedure followed, including:零件風險評估包括
(i) a list of the essential health and safety requirements applied and fulfilled,
(ii) the description of the protective measures implemented to eliminate identified hazards or to reduce
risks and, where appropriate, the indication of the residual risks,
(iii) the standards and other technical specifications used, indicating the essential health and safety requirements
covered by these standards,
(iv) any technical report giving the results of the tests carried out either by the manufacturer or by a body
chosen by the manufacturer or his authorised representative,
(v) a copy of the assembly instructions for the partly completed machinery;
(b) for series manufacture, the internal measures that will be implemented to ensure that the partly completed
machinery remains in conformity with the essential health and safety requirements applied.
The manufacturer must carry out necessary research and tests on components, fittings or the partly completed
machinery to determine whether by its design or construction it is capable of being assembled and used safely. The relevant reports and results shall be included in the technical file.
The relevant technical documentation must be available for at least 10 years following the date of manufacture of
the partly completed machinery or, in the case of series manufacture, of the last unit produced, and on request
presented to the competent authorities of the Member States. It does not have to be located in the territory of the
Community, nor does it have to be permanently available in material form. It must be capable of being assembled
and presented to the relevant authority by the person designated in the declaration for incorporation.
Failure to present the relevant technical documentation in response to a duly reasoned request by the competent
national authorities may constitute sufficient grounds for doubting the conformity of the partly completed
machinery with the essential health and safety requirements applied and attested.
L 157/72 EN Official Journal of the European Union 9.6.2006
ANNEX VIII
Assessment of conformity with internal checks on the manufacture of machinery內部檢查評估
1. This Annex describes the procedure by which the manufacturer or his authorised
representative, who carries out the obligations laid down in points 2 and 3,
ensures and declares that the machinery concerned satisfies the relevant
requirements
of this Directive.
2. For each representative type of the series in question, the manufacturer or his
authorised representative shall draw up
the technical file referred to in
Annex VII, part A.
3. The manufacturer must take all measures necessary in order that the manufacturing
process ensures compliance of
the manufactured machinery with the technical file
referred to in Annex VII, part A, and with the requirements of
this Directive.
ANNEX IX
EC type-examination型式認證
EC type-examination is the procedure whereby a notified body ascertains and certifies that a representative model of
machinery referred to in Annex IV (hereafter named the type) satisfies the provisions of this Directive.
1. The manufacturer or his authorised representative must, for each type, draw up the technical file referred to in Annex VII, part A.
2. For each type, the application for an EC type-examination shall be submitted by the manufacturer or his authorised
representative to a notified body of his choice.
The application shall include:
— the name and address of the manufacturer and, where appropriate, his authorised representative,
— a written declaration that the application has not been submitted to another notified body,
— the technical file.
Moreover, the applicant shall place at the disposal of the notified body a sample of the type. The notified body may
ask for further samples if the test programme so requires.
3. The notified body shall:
3.1. examine the technical file, check that the type was manufactured in accordance with it and establish which
elements have been designed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the standards referred to in Article 7(2),
and those elements whose design is not based on the relevant provisions of those standards;
3.2. carry out or have carried out appropriate inspections, measurements and tests to ascertain whether the solutions
adopted satisfy the essential health and safety requirements of this Directive, where the standards referred to in
Article 7(2) were not applied;
3.3. where harmonised standards referred to in Article 7(2) were used, carry out or have carried out appropriate inspections,
measurements and tests to verify that those standards were actually applied;
3.4. agree with the applicant as to the place where the check that the type was manufactured in accordance with the
examined technical file and the necessary inspections, measurements and tests will be carried out.
4. If the type satisfies the provisions of this Directive, the notified body shall issue the applicant with an EC typeexamination
certificate. The certificate shall include the name and address of the manufacturer and his authorised
representative, the data necessary for identifying the approved type, the conclusions of the examination and the
conditions to which its issue may be subject.
The manufacturer and the notified body shall retain a copy of this certificate, the technical file and all relevant
documents for a period of 15 years from the date of issue of the certificate.
5. If the type does not satisfy the provisions of this Directive, the notified body shall refuse to issue the applicant with
an EC type-examination certificate, giving detailed reasons for its refusal. It shall inform the applicant, the other
notified bodies and the Member State which notified it. An appeal procedure must be available.
6. The applicant shall inform the notified body which retains the technical file relating to the EC type-examination
certificate of all modifications to the approved type. The notified body shall examine these modifications and shall
then either confirm the validity of the existing EC type-examination certificate or issue a new one if the modifications
are liable to compromise conformity with the essential health and safety requirements or the intended
working conditions of the type.
7. The Commission, the Member States and the other notified bodies may, on request, obtain a copy of the EC typeexamination
certificates. On reasoned request, the Commission and the Member States may obtain a copy of the
technical file and the results of the examinations carried out by the notified body.
8. Files and correspondence referring to the EC type-examination procedures shall be written in the official Community
language(s) of the Member State where the notified body is established or in any other official Community
language acceptable to the notified body.
L 157/74 EN Official Journal of the European Union 9.6.2006
9. Validity of the EC type-examination certificate
9.1. The notified body has the ongoing responsibility of ensuring that the EC type-examination certificate remains valid.
It shall inform the manufacturer of any major changes which would have an implication on the validity of the certificate.
The notified body shall withdraw certificates which are no longer valid.
9.2. The manufacturer of the machinery concerned has the ongoing responsibility of ensuring that the said machinery
meets the corresponding state of the art.
9.3. The manufacturer shall request from the notified body the review of the validity of the EC type-examination certificate
every five years.
If the notified body finds that the certificate remains valid, taking into account the state of the art, it shall renew
the certificate for a further five years.
The manufacturer and the notified body shall retain a copy of this certificate, of the technical file and of all the relevant
documents for a period of 15 years from the date of issue of the certificate.
9.4. In the event that the validity of the EC-type examination certificate is not renewed, the manufacturer shall cease the
placing on the market of the machinery concerned.
ANNEX X
Full quality assurance
This Annex describes the conformity assessment of machinery referred to in Annex IV, manufactured using a full quality
assurance system, and the procedure whereby a notified body assesses and approves the quality system and monitors its
application.
1. The manufacturer must operate an approved quality system for design, manufacture, final inspection and testing, as
specified in point 2, and shall be subject to the surveillance referred to in point 3.
2. Quality system
2.1. The manufacturer or his authorised representative shall lodge an application for assessment of his quality system to
a notified body of his choice.
The application shall contain:
— the name and address of the manufacturer and, where appropriate, his authorised representative,
— the places of design, manufacture, inspection, testing and storage of the machinery,
— the technical file described in Annex VII, Part A, for one model of each category of machinery referred to in
Annex IV which he intends to manufacture,
— the documentation on the quality system,
— a written declaration that the application has not been submitted to another notified body.
2.2. The quality system must ensure conformity of the machinery with the provisions of this Directive. All the elements,
requirements and provisions adopted by the manufacturer must be documented in a systematic and orderly
manner, in the form of measures, procedures and written instructions. The documentation on the quality system
must permit a uniform interpretation of the procedural and quality measures, such as quality programmes, plans,
manuals and records.
It must contain, in particular, an adequate description of:
— the quality objectives, the organisational structure, and the responsibilities and powers of the management with regard to the design and quality of the machinery,
— the technical design specifications, including standards that will be applied and, where the standards referred to in Article 7(2) are not applied in full, the means that will be used to ensure that the essential health and safety
requirements of this Directive are fulfilled,
— the design inspection and design verification techniques, processes and systematic actions that will be used when designing machinery covered by this Directive,
— the corresponding manufacturing, quality control and quality assurance techniques, processes and systematic actions that will be used,
— the inspections and tests that will be carried out before, during and after manufacture, and the frequency with which they will be carried out,
— the quality records, such as inspection reports and test data, calibration data, and reports on the qualifications of the personnel concerned,
— the means of monitoring the achievement of the required design and quality of the machinery, as well as the effective operation of the quality system.
2.3. The notified body shall assess the quality system to determine whether it satisfies the requirements of point 2.2.
The elements of the quality system which conform to the relevant harmonised standard shall be presumed to
conform to the corresponding requirements referred to in point 2.2.
The team of auditors must have at least one member who is experienced in the assessment of the technology of the machinery. The assessment procedure shall include an inspection to be carried out at the manufacturer's premises.
During the assessment, the team of auditors shall carry out a review of the technical files referred to in point 2.1,second paragraph, third indent to ensure their compliance with the relevant health and safety requirements.
The manufacturer or his authorised representative shall be notified of the decision. The notification shall contain the conclusions of the examination and the reasoned assessment decision. An appeal procedure must be available.
2.4. The manufacturer shall undertake to fulfil the obligations arising from the quality system as approved and to ensure that it remains appropriate and effective.
The manufacturer or his authorised representative shall inform the notified body which approved the quality
system of any planned change to it.
The notified body shall evaluate the proposed changes and decide whether the modified quality assurance system
will continue to satisfy the requirements referred to in point 2.2, or whether a re-assessment is necessary.
It shall notify the manufacturer of its decision. The notification shall contain the conclusions of the examination
and the reasoned assessment decision.
3. Surveillance under the responsibility of the notified body
3.1. The purpose of surveillance is to make sure that the manufacturer duly fulfils the obligations arising out of the
approved quality system.
3.2. The manufacturer shall, for inspection purposes, allow the notified body access to the places of design, manufacture,
inspection, testing and storage, and shall provide it with all necessary information, such as:
— the documentation concerning the quality system,
— the quality records provided for in that part of the quality system concerned with design, such as the results of
analyses, calculations, tests, etc.,
— the quality records provided for in that part of the quality system concerned with manufacture, such as inspection
reports and test data, calibration data, reports on the qualifications of the personnel concerned, etc.
3.3. The notified body shall conduct periodic audits to make sure that the manufacturer is maintaining and applying the
quality system; it shall provide the manufacturer with an audit report. The frequency of the periodic audits shall be
such that a full reassessment is carried out every three years.
3.4. Moreover, the notified body may pay the manufacturer unannounced visits. The need for these additional visits and
their frequency will be determined on the basis of a visit monitoring system managed by the notified body. In particular,
the following factors will be taken into account in the visits monitoring system:
— the results of previous surveillance visits,
— the need to monitor remedial measures,
— where appropriate, special conditions attaching to approval of the system,
— significant modifications in the organisation of the manufacturing process, measures or techniques.
On the occasion of such visits, the notified body may, if necessary, carry out tests or have them carried out in
order to check the proper functioning of the quality system. It shall provide the manufacturer with a visit report
and, if a test was carried out, with a test report.
4. The manufacturer or his authorised representative shall keep available for the national authorities, for a period of
ten years from the last date of manufacture:
— the documentation referred to in point 2.1,
— the decisions and reports of the notified body referred to in point 2.4, third and fourth subparagraphs, and in
points 3.3 and 3.4.
ANNEX XI
Minimum criteria to be taken into account by Member States for the notification of bodies
1. The body, its director and the staff responsible for carrying out the verification tests shall not be the designer, manufacturer,
supplier or installer of machines which they inspect, nor the authorised representative of any of these
parties. They shall not become involved, either directly or as authorised representatives, in the design, construction,
marketing or maintenance of the machines. This does not preclude the possibility of exchanges of technical information
between the manufacturer and the body.
2. The body and its staff shall carry out the verification tests with the highest degree of professional integrity and technical
competence and shall be free from all pressures and inducements, particularly financial, which might influence
their judgement or the results of the inspection, especially from persons or groups of persons with an interest in the
result of verifications.
3. For each category of machinery for which it is notified, the body must possess personnel with technical knowledge
and sufficient and appropriate experience to perform a conformity assessment. It must have the means necessary to
complete the technical and administrative tasks connected with implementation of the checks in an appropriate
manner; it must also have access to the equipment necessary for the exceptional checks.
4. The staff responsible for inspection shall have:
— sound technical and vocational training,
— satisfactory knowledge of the requirements of the tests they carry out and adequate experience of such tests,
— the ability to draw up the certificates, records and reports required to authenticate the performance of the tests.
5. The impartiality of inspection staff shall be guaranteed. Their remuneration shall not depend on the number of tests
carried out or on the results of such tests.
6. The body shall take out liability insurance unless its liability is assumed by the State in accordance with national law,
or the Member State itself is directly responsible for the tests.
7. The staff of the body shall be bound to observe professional secrecy with regard to all information obtained in
carrying out its tasks (except vis-à-vis the competent administrative authorities of the State in which its activities are
carried out) under this Directive or any provision of national law giving effect to it.
8. Notified bodies shall participate in coordination activities. They shall also take part directly or be represented in European
standardisation, or ensure that they know the situation in respect of relevant standards.
9. Member States may take all necessary measures they regard as necessary in order to ensure that, in the event of cessation
of the activities of a notified body, the files of its customers are sent to another body or are made available to
the Member State which has notified it.
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OSHA Sign OSHA Directive(訂標籤)